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A comparative review of the state and advancement of Site-Specific Crop Management in the UK and China

Zhenhong LI, James TAYLOR, Lynn FREWER, Chunjiang ZHAO, Guijun YANG, Zhenhai LI, Zhigang LIU, Rachel GAULTON, Daniel WICKS, Hugh MORTIMER, Xiao CHENG, Chaoqing YU, Zhanyi SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 116-136 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018240

摘要：

Precision agriculture, and more specifically Site-Specific Crop Management (SSCM), has been implemented in some form across nearly all agricultural production systems over the past 25 years. Adoption has been greatest in developed agricultural countries. In this review article, the current situation of SSCM adoption and application is investigated from the perspective of a developed (UK) and developing (China) agricultural economy. The current state-of-the art is reviewed with an emphasis on developments in position system technology and satellite-based remote sensing. This is augmented with observations on the differences between the use of SSCM technologies and methodologies in the UK and China and discussion of the opportunities for (and limitations to) increasing SSCM adoption in developing agricultural economies. A particular emphasis is given to the role of socio-demographic factors and the application of responsible research and innovation (RRI) in translating agri-technologies into China and other developing agricultural economies. Several key research and development areas are identified that need to be addressed to facilitate the delivery of SSCM as a holistic service into areas with low precision (PA) agriculture adoption. This has implications for developed as well as developing agricultural economies.

关键词： remote sensing decision support responsible research and innovation digital soil mapping

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Lean Product Development—Faster, Better … Cleaner?

Geert Letens

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 52-59 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015007

摘要： To address this challenge, lean product development has emerged to become the leading improvement methodology for companies toward the creation of a competitive advantage on innovation and technology leadership. While lean product development has its origin in the best practice studies of Japanese car manufacturers such as Toyota, it has been further elaborated in defence and aerospace organizations over the last two decades, and recently empirical evidence has become available for successful introductions in sectors different from the traditionally-studied environments. The primary purpose of this work is to untangle the fuzziness that still surrounds lean product development and to ground the key aspects of lean product development based on insights from six studies published in a special issue of the on this topic. This demonstrates how better and faster product development can be achieved through the integration of lean principles with the best of more traditional new product development (NPD) practices, into a holistic system that can be characterised by value-focused and risk-based decision making, the socio-technical integration of people and process, improved project, pipeline and portfolio management, optimized knowledge management, and the creation of a learning organization. Unfortunately, while the increasing global competition offers the potential to improve the quality of life for many, the spirit of faster, better, and cheaper also threatens to endanger the future of our planet as a whole. As the majority of a product’s social and ecological impacts are committed in the design phase, it, therefore, seems imperative to investigate the integration of lean product development and eco-design principles. As a result, this work also explores the symbiosis of both approaches through the identification of tools and methods that can support the triple bottom-line goals for a sustainable future of life and business.

关键词： lean product development sustainability engineering responsible design

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知识互动共享视角——区域创新环境机理研究

饶扬德,王学军

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第7期页码 72-77

摘要：

创新本质上是知识再创造的动态过程。知识既是创新不可缺少的投入要素，又是创新的最终目标和产出。在介绍隐性知识传播障碍的基础上，分析了区域创新优势，从知识互动共享视角阐释了区域创新环境机理。

关键词：知识互动和共享区域创新创新能力创新环境机理

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工程和谐与工程创新的互动关系研究

何继善,王进,喻珍

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第12期页码 4-9

摘要：

工程作为人类生存和发展过程中重要而复杂的实践活动，其管理实效的提升是确保社会发展的关键环节。当前工程活动中出现了一系列创新不足及不和谐的现象，如集成化创新度较低、事故频发等。提升工程管理实效，其核心在于工程管理者在完善工程和谐与创新的基础上，实现和谐与创新的互动发展。界定工程和谐及工程创新之后，提出和谐是创新的出发点和归属；反过来，创新是维持和谐的原动力，又是实现更高层次和谐的内驱力。和谐与创新的互动关系研究，有利于人类改变传统的工程创新观，追求工程组织内部、工程和生态环境的和谐，以符合可持续发展的需要。

关键词：工程管理和谐创新和而不同

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Not asthma, but GERD: case report

WANG Zhonggao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 115-119 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0022-6

摘要： Asthma is a disorder of the lungs characterized by increased responsiveness of the airways, as manifested by episodes of wheezing and increased resistance to expiratory airflow because of varying degrees of smooth muscle contraction, edema of the mucosa, and mucus in the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles. The stimuli vary widely and include antigens, infection, air pollutants, respiratory tract irritants, exercise, and emotional factors. This condition is completely different from distress breathing because of laryngotracheal spasm. One of its causes is the gastric content reflux through the pharynx to the larynx because of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in addition to the typical human avian flu that may cause immediate suffocation by laryngospasm owing to acute larygotrachitis. A patient suffered from GERD without esophageal symptoms, which was diagnosed and treated as bronchial asthma during his five emergency admissions. The admissions were because of episodic attacks of severe air hunger owing to an extreme throat tightening. The patient was being treated for as long as two years. After the correct diagnosis was made and treatment of laporascopic fundaplication was performed, the longstanding bronchial asthma , after all, completely disappeared. The concept of not asthma, but GERD seems undervalued, unappreciated, even misunderstood among patients with intractable asthma. Therefore, such a case is reported in detail, similar cases are mentioned briefly as well, and a mechanism responsible for GERD-originated larryngo- or laryngotracho-spasm is proposed.

关键词： resistance mechanism responsible unappreciated responsiveness different

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建设一流的冶金技术和材料研究技术创新基地——迈向新世纪的钢铁研究总院

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第4期页码 93-94

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中国汽车产业创新体系研究

付于武,侯福深,冯锦山,姜建娜

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 30-36 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.005

摘要：

本文在清晰界定汽车产业创新体系内涵的基础上，分析了汽车产业创新体系的现状，尤其是在聚集于4~7级技术成熟度、打通基础研究和产业化技术之间鸿沟的非盈利应用技术研究机构方面的不足等方面，参考国际相关经验，对我国面向汽车强国建设的汽车产业新型创新体系建设进行了思考，并提出设立中国汽车创新理事会、加快建设汽车领域制造业创新中心等建议。

关键词：创新体系体制机制战略咨询创新中心

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制造业创新驱动发展战略

“制造业创新驱动发展战略研究”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第7期页码 20-23

摘要：

制造业是科技创新的主要载体，科技创新是制造业发展的主要力量。改革开放以来，我国制造业实现了快速增长，已成为全球制造业大国，但总体上仍然“大而不强”。科学分析我国制造业面临的发展环境、创新能力现状，实现我国制造业创新驱动发展，就是要坚持“自主创新，智能引领，绿色发展，重点突破”的指导方针，以全面提升自主创新能力为核心，以发展数字化、网络化、智能化制造为主线，以发展资源节约、环境友好的绿色制造为重要方向，率先实现重点领域重大产品和重大制造技术的突破，全面推进制造业转型升级，实现我国制造业由大到强的历史跨越。

关键词：制造业；创新驱动；智能制造；绿色制造；“四基”；重点产业

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广州有色金属研究院卅年科技创新谱新篇

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第3期页码 92-94

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创新设计竞争力战略研究

“创新设计竞争力研究”综合组

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 100-110 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.015

摘要：

本文以我国从“制造大国”向“创造大国”转变的战略需求出发，阐述了在知识网络时代背景下，设计3.0的特征、趋势和价值，以及创新设计竞争力的内涵及要素；并以效益、设计能力和设计环境三项指标为基础，构建国家创新设计竞争力、城市创新设计竞争力和企业创新设计竞争力三位一体的设计竞争力评价体系，采用一些国家、城市和企业的数据样本分类开展试点评估，在此基础上总结得出提升我国创新设计竞争力的政策建议和具体措施。

关键词：设计3.0 创新设计设计竞争力

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我国基础与临床医学创新体系建设研究

付磊,尹岭,朱曼璐,马劼,高润霖

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 72-78 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.012

摘要：

本文是中国工程院“我国全民健康与医药卫生事业发展战略研究”重大咨询项目子课题“我国基础与临床医学研究创新体系”的系统总结。研究围绕全民健康与医药卫生事业国家发展战略需求，深入分析了世界主要国家医学研究管理及体系建设情况，探讨了制约我国医学科技创新发展的瓶颈问题，提出了加强医学研究顶层设计、重构医学研究体系、加大经费投入、完善评价制度、整合共享医学科技资源、加速推动成果转化的对策建议。

关键词：全民健康医学研究创新体系

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分类支持基础研究促进全链条颠覆性技术创新

张慧琴,平婧,孙昌璞

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 24-26 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.004

摘要：

近年来，我国在科技领域取得了巨大的进步，但明显存在关键技术的“卡脖子”问题。为了有效地推动我国科学技术源头创新，从根本上解决“卡脖子”问题，必须回归基础研究。为探究基础研究催生颠覆性技术，本文阐述了基础研究的内涵，并根据基础研究面向的目标，将基础研究分为四大类型：面向重大科学目标的基础研究、国家需求牵引的基础研究、以人才为本的自由探索型基础研究和以实际应用为目标的基础研究；在分析各类型基础研究特点及发展需求的基础上，提出实施差异化的稳定支持、促进全链条颠覆性技术创新的发展建议。

关键词：基础研究颠覆性技术分类支持

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Nano thermo-hydrodynamics method for investigating cell membrane fluidity

YANG Yang, LIU Jing

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 121-128 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0033-2

摘要： As a barrier to compartmentalize cells, membranes form the interface between a cell and its surroundings. The essential function of a membrane is to maintain a relatively stable environment in the cell, exchange substances selectively and transfer energy and information continually from the outside. It is intriguing that above the phase transition temperature, the membrane lipid molecule will have three modes–lateral diffusion, rotational movement and flip-flop activity. These thermodynamic processes are vital to cell existence, growth, division, differentiation and are also responsible for hundreds of thousands of phenomena in life. Previously, species transport across the membrane was interpreted mainly from a phenomenological view using a lumped system model. Therefore, detailed flow processes occurred in the membrane domain and clues related to life mechanism were not sufficiently tackled. Such important issues can be clarified by modeling nano scale thermal hydrodynamics over the gap space of a cell membrane. Previously observed complex membrane behaviors will be shown in this paper and explained by the thermally induced fluidic convections inside the membrane. A correlation between nano scale hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and cell membrane activities is set up. The disclosed mechanisms are expected to provide a new viewpoint on the interaction between intracellular and extracellular processes through the membrane.

关键词： responsible phenomenological phenomena modes–lateral diffusion differentiation

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Relationship between expression of hepatocyte grow factor and apoptosis of trophoblasts in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy

OUYANG Shan, ZHANG Qinghua, QIAO Fuyuan

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 386-389 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0075-6

摘要： The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Fas in placentas of uncomplicated pregnant women and those with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP), and elucidate the possible relationship between HGF and apoptosis of trophoblasts. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was undertaken to examine the concentration of HGF mRNA and Fas mRNA obtained from 34 cases of HDCP and 30 cases of uncomplicated pregnancy. The expression of HGF mRNA in mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and eclampsia cases was significantly lower than that in the uncomplicated cases (0.43±0.12, 0.38±0.09, 0.19±0.17 versus 0.67±0.19, <0.05), while the expression of Fas mRNA in mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and eclampisa cases was significantly higher than that in the uncomplicated cases (1.58±0.26, 2.96±0.14, 5.98±1.17 versus 1.01±0.36, <0.05). For HGF mRNA and Fas mRNA, there was no difference between gestational hypertension cases and control cases. Decreased HGF mRNA or increased Fas mRNA was found along with the progress of HDCP. Negative correlation was found between the expressions of HGF and Fas. These results indicate that HGF inhibits the apoptosis mediated by Fas, and the reduced expression of HGF in HDCP may be responsible for the apoptosis of trophoblasts.

关键词： pregnancy concentration possible relationship responsible hepatocyte

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基于产业链视角的我国风电设备产业商业模式创新研究

胡绪华,时方艳,徐骏杰

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 88-95

摘要：

本文从产业链的视角分析了我国风电设备产业零部件制造、整机组装、运营服务等环节的发展状况，并借助于宏观环境分析方法（即PEST分析方法）讨论了我国风电设备产业商业模式的战略格局，进一步结合我国风电设备产业的市场细分差别化设计商业模式创新的细分型、整合型、收缩型和扩张型四大模式。最后，提出了保障风电设备产业商业模式创新的政策建议。

关键词：风电设备产业；商业模式创新；产业链；PEST分析

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标题作者时间类型操作

A comparative review of the state and advancement of Site-Specific Crop Management in the UK and China

Zhenhong LI, James TAYLOR, Lynn FREWER, Chunjiang ZHAO, Guijun YANG, Zhenhai LI, Zhigang LIU, Rachel GAULTON, Daniel WICKS, Hugh MORTIMER, Xiao CHENG, Chaoqing YU, Zhanyi SUN

期刊论文

Lean Product Development—Faster, Better … Cleaner?

Geert Letens

期刊论文

知识互动共享视角——区域创新环境机理研究

饶扬德,王学军

期刊论文

工程和谐与工程创新的互动关系研究

何继善,王进,喻珍

期刊论文

Not asthma, but GERD: case report

WANG Zhonggao